Bots help geeks nab best tables

26 July 2013 Last updated at 07:07 ET By Mark Ward Technology correspondent, BBC News

If you want a good table at a top restaurant in Silicon Valley you had better be a good programmer.

Coders in San Francisco are using custom written programs, or bots, to grab the good tables leaving other diners frustrated.

The bots watch restaurant websites to spot when tables become available then reserve them before humans can react.

The use of bots has made it almost impossible to get good tables at some of the most popular Valley eateries.

Dinner mix

The growing use of bots was uncovered by programmer Diogo Monica who wrote a small programme to help him spot free tables at his favourite San Francisco restaurant State Bird Provisions (SBP).

The code emailed Mr Monica when other diners cancelled reservations or SBP released more tables. While the code helped him get a table now and then it quickly became ineffective. Close scrutiny of the SBP website revealed why.

"I found myself looking at it and noticed that as soon as reservations became available on the website (at 04:00), all the good times were immediately taken and were gone by 04:01," he wrote.

"It quickly became obvious that these were reservation bots at work," he said. This was making it all but impossible for anyone to get a table at SBP which is almost always fully booked, up to 60 days ahead.

In retaliation, Mr Monica wrote his own reservation bot and has started to regularly get a table at SBP.

He told the BBC that he knew of other programmers using bots to snap up tables at many restaurants in and around the Valley and added that there were also websites, such as Hacker Table, that let anyone automate the process of grabbing a table.

"It is a big problem in SF, yes, but only for the 'hip' restaurants," he told the BBC.

London was likely to have less of a problem with such bots, said Frances Dore, a spokeswoman for Caprice Holdings which runs restaurants such as The Ivy, Scott's and Le Caprice.

Ms Dore said regulars at its restaurants typically knew the maitre d' well enough to ensure that they got a table at very short notice. Few regulars would have to rely on software to secure a spot.

While online reservations were important to a lot of restaurants now, none would rely on them to entirely fill their tables, she said.

"No restaurant worth its salt will have a booking mechanism that is all online," she said. "It would be suicidal to do it all that way."

Better restaurants took seriously the mix of people in their establishment, she said, and on any night the clientele would be made up of regulars, reservations and walk-ins who were happy to wait for a table to become free.

"You try to manage the mix as much as possible rather than opening it up to complete strangers every night," she said.

Bot wars

Mr Monica's blog post about his bot prompted many people to confess in emails to him and via Twitter that they had written their own code to do a similar job. Mr Monica has also published the core code for his reservations programme which may also prompt others to create their own version.

Security expert Martin Zetterlund from Sentor which helps websites defeat bots and related attack tools called scrapers said machines could be hard to beat.

"When competing for any type of scarce resource a bot will always be better than a human," he said. "It will never sleep and it reacts in a microsecond."

While bots could be easy to spot because they act far faster than people, many good bot writers worked hard to conceal who was snapping up tickets or stealing data, he said.

Mr Monica said he expected to see a reaction from other bot writers and he was prepared to up the stakes. The next step might be to locate his server closer to that running the SBP website to give his bots a micro-second advantage.

"As for tactics, think of this war like high-frequency trading," he said. "The people with the best algorithms/optimisations will have an edge over everyone else."

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Bing introduces abuse search pop-ups

27 July 2013 Last updated at 10:34 ET

Microsoft's Bing search engine has become the first to introduce pop-up warnings for people in the UK who seek out online images of child abuse.

The notification will tell them the content is illegal and provide details of a counselling service.

It comes after the prime minister said internet companies needed to do more to block access to such images.

Yahoo, which uses Bing's technology on its search page, said it was considering a similar move.

Google, the UK's most popular search engine, is not planning to use pop-ups but said it would continue to report material and help experts combat the problem.

The debate about online images showing the sexual abuse of children has come to prominence after two high-profile murder trials heard how the killers searched for them.

Bing's pop-up warning, which only applies to searches conducted in the UK, is triggered when people enter words on a "blacklist" compiled by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (Ceop).

Microsoft said the notifications aimed "to stop those who may be drifting towards trying to find illegal child abuse content on the web via search engines".

A spokesman said: "This is in addition to Microsoft's existing and longstanding policy of removing any verified links to illegal content of this sort from Bing as quickly as possible."

Continue reading the main story

It is a small, initial part of the solution to prevent child sexual abuse, protect children and pursue offenders"

End Quote Andy Baker Ceop deputy chief executive

"Microsoft has been, and remains, a strong proponent of proactive action in reasonable and scalable ways by the technology industry in the fight against technology-facilitated child exploitation. We have teams dedicated globally to abuse reporting on our services and the development of new innovations to combat child exploitation more broadly."

However, Bing's alert does not seem to go as far as Prime Minister David Cameron's call for a message warning people of the consequences a criminal conviction for their actions could have "such as losing their job, their family, even access to their children".

He also called for the internet companies to block certain searches from even providing results.

"There are some searches which are so abhorrent and where there can be no doubt whatsoever about the sick and malevolent intent of the searcher," the prime minister said in a speech.

'Positive step'

Google, which last December was found by a consumer group to have an 88% share of the UK search engine market, said it had a "zero tolerance policy" to child abuse imagery.

A company spokesman said: "We use purpose-built technology and work with child safety organisations to find, remove and report it, because we never want this material to appear in our search results. We are working with experts on effective ways to deter anyone tempted to look for this sickening material."

A spokeswoman for Yahoo said it supported the work of third parties in "running education and deterrence campaigns on our platforms and are already actively engaged in discussions with Ceop and others".

She added: "Yahoo has a zero tolerance policy when it comes to child abuse images online. Our dedicated governance and safety teams work hand-in-hand with the product, engineering, and customer care teams to remove these illegal images. We also work with a number of external partners."

A Ceop report this year highlighted how the "hidden internet" helped distributors of child abuse images to evade detection by using encrypted networks and other secure methods.

Ceop deputy chief executive Andy Baker said: "This is a positive step in the right direction to deterring potential offenders from accessing indecent images of children on the internet. But it is a small, initial part of the solution to prevent child sexual abuse, protect children and pursue offenders.

"While the Bing project isn't the whole solution, I hope it goes some way to making those who are curious about searching for indecent images think again."

Ceop acknowledged its "blacklist" could not include every search term that might lead to images of abuse.

John Carr, from the Children's Charities' Coalition on Internet Safety, told the BBC: "To hardened technology-sophisticated, technology-literate paedophiles, these pop-ups will probably make very little difference.

"But there is a very large number of men who perhaps have a marginal interest in this type of material and we need to stop them getting any further engaged with it."

Mr Carr said the internet companies were all focusing on the problem of child abuse material.

In June, after a meeting chaired by the culture secretary, the government said Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Twitter and Facebook would allow the charity the Internet Watch Foundation actively to seek out abusive images, rather than just acting upon reports they received.

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Co-founder of Russia's Yandex dies

28 July 2013 Last updated at 11:18 ET

The man who co-founded Russia's biggest search engine, Yandex, has died aged 48 after suffering from cancer.

Ilya Segalovich set up the web company with business partner and school friend Arkady Volozh in 1997.

He was diagnosed with stomach cancer last year and went into a coma on Thursday, the company said.

Yandex is one of Russia's biggest internet companies - valued at £6.5bn ($10bn) and has more than double Google's market share in the country.

Mr Segalovich went to hospital on Wednesday with head pains before suddenly deteriorating, the Financial Times reported this week.

Yandex director general Mr Volozh said he had been responding well to chemotherapy but developed cancer in his brain, which led to his death.

On Thursday the company announced he had died before saying he was on life support with no brain function.

"The only hope we had was a diagnosis error," Mr Volozh said. "We couldn't make a miracle. We only could offer a chance for it to happen."

A statement on a tribute page set up by the company described Mr Segalovich as: "A scholar and a citizen with an active lifestyle... father of five children, friend, colleague, teacher and hilarious clown".

His business partner and friend, Mr Volozh, said he died in a London hospital on Saturday.

As well as setting up the company, he was its chief technological officer and came up with the name Yandex - a shortened version of "Yet Another Index".

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Apple in China worker abuse claims

29 July 2013 Last updated at 04:13 ET

Technology giant Apple is facing fresh allegations of worker rights violations at Chinese factories of one of its suppliers, the Pegatron Group.

China Labor Watch, has alleged that three factories of Pegatron violate a "great number of international and Chinese laws and standards".

These include underage labour, contract violations and excessive working hours.

Both Apple and Pegatron said they would investigate the allegations immediately.

"Apple is committed to providing safe and fair working conditions throughout our supply chain," the firm said in a statement.

Pegatron's chief executive, Jason Cheng, said in a statement that the firm took the allegations "very seriously".

"We will investigate them fully and take immediate actions to correct any violations to Chinese labour laws and our own code of conduct.

"Pegatron sets very high standards for ourselves with our own dedicated team that audits and investigates issues," the firm added.

'Worse than Foxconn'

Apple, one of the world's biggest firms, has had to deal with similar claims in the past. when one of its biggest suppliers, Foxconn, was accused of violating worker rights.

Continue reading the main story

Conditions at these factories are so poor that most workers refuse to continue working for long"

End Quote China Labor Watch

Conditions at Foxconn factories came under even greater scrutiny after a spate of worker suicides at some plants.

On Monday, Li Qiang, executive director of China Labor Watch, claimed that "our investigations have shown that labour conditions at Pegatron factories are even worse than those at Foxconn factories".

The campaign group said that it had found that average weekly working hours in the three factories investigated by it were approximately 66 hours, 67 hours, and 69 hours, respectively.

It alleged that in "Pegatron Shanghai, our investigation uncovered that workers were forced to sign forms indicating that their overtime hours were less than the actual levels".

"Conditions at these factories are so poor that most workers refuse to continue working for long."

It claimed that 30 of the 110 new recruits at one of the factories had left within a period of two weeks.

However, Apple disputed those claims, saying that it had closely tracked working hours at all of these facilities.

"Our most recent survey in June found that Pegatron employees making Apple products worked 46 hours per week on average," it said.

Special inspections

Other violations claimed by the campaign group include insufficient wages, poor working conditions, poor living conditions, difficulty in taking leave, abuse by management and environmental pollution.

Apple said that it had been in close contact with China Labor Watch for several months "investigating issues they've raised and sharing our findings".

It added that some of the issues brought out in the report were "new to us".

It said that its audit teams would return to the three factories this week for a series of special inspections.

"If our audits find that workers have been underpaid or denied compensation for any time they've worked, we will require that Pegatron reimburse them in full.

"We will investigate these new claims thoroughly, ensure that corrective actions are taken where needed and report any violations of our code of conduct," Apple said.

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Game players fight giant space war

29 July 2013 Last updated at 07:05 ET

One of the largest video game space battles ever seen has taken place in the Eve Online game.

For five hours on 28 July about 4,000 players took part in the epic battle between two of the game's biggest alliances.

The two sides were fighting for control of resources within several of the game's solar systems.

Time was slowed down in the virtual universe to help servers cope with the huge numbers of players and ships.

The battle pitted spaceships belonging to CFC against those from the Test Alliance in a region of space known as 6VDT. It ended in victory for CFC.

Eve Online is a detailed space simulation that sees players fly spaceships through thousands of virtual star systems, seeking resources they can use to prosper.

The resources can be found on planets and in asteroid fields or acquired through piracy or other underhand means.

Ships vary in size from small trading vessels to giant capital ships.

Erlendur Thorsteinsson, one of Eve Online's developers, confirmed in a tweet that the battle was the biggest ever seen in the game.

At its peak the battle involved 4,070 pilots and their ships.

Game time was slowed to 10% of normal to lighten the load on servers working out who was shooting at whom.

The pivotal moment in the battle took place two hours in, when CFC sent in a large fleet of capital ships - the most powerful in the game.

Their arrival prompted many members of the Test Alliance to try to flee.

By the end of the conflict thousands of ships are believed to have been destroyed.

Their destruction has a real-world cost as the game's internal currency can be bought with real money.

So far no-one has worked out the total value of the ships destroyed, but a far smaller battle earlier in 2013 laid waste to far fewer spacecraft that in total were estimated to be worth more than $15,000 (£10,000).

The giant battle was the culmination of a long campaign by CFC to force the Test Alliance out of 6VDT.

Some have speculated that it may be the only the first of a series of conflicts that seek to extinguish TEST.

"These kinds of conflicts are business as usual in Eve but this one was bigger than normal," said James Binns from the PCGamesN website.

Mr Binns said several big events had made the last few weeks in Eve absorbing to watch. During that time a giant ship was hijacked and then destroyed in a carefully co-ordinated ambush and a huge in-game corporation was disbanded and its resources stolen by a spy from a rival faction.

"It's a fascinating online world and its constant drama is nothing like any other game," he said.

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UK blocks car key hack revelation

29 July 2013 Last updated at 08:06 ET

A High Court judge has blocked three security researchers from publishing details of how to crack a car immobilisation system.

German car maker Volkswagen and French defence group Thales obtained the interim ruling after arguing that the information could be used by criminals.

The technology is used by several car manufacturers.

The academics had planned to present the information at a conference in August.

The three researchers are Flavio Garcia, a computer science lecturer at the University of Birmingham, and Baris Ege and Roel Verdult, security researchers at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands.

"The University of Birmingham is disappointed with the judgement which did not uphold the defence of academic freedom and public interest, but respects the decision," said a spokeswoman.

"It has decided to defer publication of the academic paper in any form while additional technical and legal advice is obtained given the continuing litigation. The university is therefore unable to comment further at this stage."

Radboud University Nijmegen said it found the ban "incomprehensible".

"The publication in no way describes how to easily steal a car, as additional and different information is needed for this to be possible," said a spokeswoman.

"The researchers informed the chipmaker nine months before the intended publication - November 2012 - so that measures could be taken. The Dutch government considers six months to be a reasonable notification period for responsible disclosure. The researchers have insisted from the start that the chipmaker inform its own clients."

Neither VW nor Thales was able to provide comment.

The ruling was issued on 25 June, but the case only gained public attention following an article in the Guardian.

Two-day hack

The presentation - entitled Dismantling Megamos Crypto: Wirelessly Lock-picking a Vehicle Immobiliser - is still listed on the website of the Usenix Security Symposium, which will be held in Washington next month.

Megamos Crypto refers to a transponder built into car keys which uses RFID (radio-frequency identification) to transmit an encrypted signal to the vehicles. This deactivates a system which otherwise prevents their engines from starting.

VW introduced the technology in the late 1990s and it is also used by Honda and Fiat among others.

The researchers said they had obtained a software programme from the internet which contained the algorithm devised by Thales to provide the security feature. They said it had been on the net since 2009.

The researchers said they had then discovered a weakness in the code meaning that it could be compromised, and added that there was a strong public interest that the information be disclosed to ensure the problem was addressed.

However, VW and Thales argued that the algorithm was confidential information, and whoever had released it on the net had probably done so illegally. Furthermore, they said, there was good reason to believe that criminal gangs would try to take advantage of the revelation to steal vehicles.

The researchers argued that this risk was overblown since car thieves would need to run a computer program for about two days to make use of the exploit in each case.

They said that removing the sections which VW and Thales wanted expunged would mean their paper would have to be peer reviewed a second time, and they would miss their slot at the conference as a consequence. And they argued that their right to publish was covered by freedom of speech safeguards in the European Convention on Human Rights.

However, the judge ruled that, pending a full trial, the details should be withheld.

Tom Ohta, an associate at the law firm Bristows - which was not involved in the case - said the way the researchers discovered the flaw proved their undoing.

"An important factor here was that the academics had not obtained the software from a legitimate source, having downloaded it from an unauthorised website," he said.

"This persuaded the court that the underlying algorithm was confidential in nature, and bearing in mind the public interest of not having security flaws potentially abused by criminal gangs, led to the injunction."

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Man held over Twitter abuse case

29 July 2013 Last updated at 08:42 ET

A 21-year-old man has been arrested after a feminist campaigner was deluged on Twitter with abuse and threats of rape, Scotland Yard has confirmed.

He was detained in the Manchester area on suspicion of harassment offences.

Caroline Criado-Perez faced abuse after successfully campaigning for a woman's face to appear on UK banknotes.

Twitter says it plans to introduce a "report abuse" button on its website, but Labour has called its response to the latest case "inadequate".

Ms Criado-Perez, who had appeared in the media to campaign for women to feature on banknotes, said the abusive tweets began the day it was announced that author Jane Austen would appear on the newly designed £10 note.

She reported them to the police after receiving "about 50 abusive tweets an hour for about 12 hours" and said she had "stumbled into a nest of men who co-ordinate attacks on women".

'Malicious communications'

Via her Twitter page on Sunday evening she said she was at a police station making a statement and that there were "many more threats to report".

Continue reading the main story

It is just as essential that in seeking to enhance our freedoms, we do not in fact diminish them"

End Quote Tanya Gold Guardian newspaper columnist

The Metropolitan Police said an allegation of "malicious communications" had been made to officers in Camden, north London, on Thursday.

An online petition set-up in response to the abuse called on Twitter to take "a zero tolerance policy" by introducing a report button and reviewing its terms and conditions on abusive behaviour "to reflect an awareness of the complexity of violence against women, and the multiple oppressions women face".

The petition has received tens of thousands of signatures.

Twitter said in a statement on Saturday that iPhone users could already report individual abusive tweets "and we plan to bring this functionality to other platforms, including Android and the web".

A spokesman added that the site encouraged users to report anyone breaking Twitter rules on conduct by using a report form.

But Labour said on Sunday that it had written to Twitter complaining that it had been "weak" to tell Ms Criado-Perez to take her complaints to the police.

"Of course it is right to report such abuse to the police," shadow home secretary Yvette Cooper wrote.

"But social media platforms also have a responsibility for the platform they give users."

'Same standards'

Ms Cooper said Twitter should carry out a full review of its abuse and complaints policies.

But Guardian newspaper columnist Tanya Gold said social networking sites could not be asked "to police our debate", adding: "It is just as essential that in seeking to enhance our freedoms, we do not in fact diminish them."

She warned against "cosmetic or over-specific change" - such as a report button - arguing that "misogynists on Twitter should be shamed, rather than criminalised".

Libby Purves, writing in the Times, suggested the case was evidence of a major shift in attitudes towards the internet, pointing also to government plans to restrict access to online pornography.

"It grew up rapidly as a lawless, bubbling, anarchic Wild West... Now, however, the marshals and sheriffs are advancing, carefully trying to impose at least roughly the same standards of behaviour as we demand in the solid world."

Guidelines published by the Director of Public Prosecutions, Keir Starmer, in June said there should be a "high threshold for prosecution in cases involving communications which may be considered grossly offensive, indecent, obscene or false".

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Google weighs 100 million takedowns

29 July 2013 Last updated at 10:14 ET

Google has received requests to remove more than 100 million links since January 2013 for web pages deemed to be in breach of copyright laws.

That is double the number it received for the whole of 2012 and a sign that publishers are stepping up their battle against internet piracy.

Copyright holders send millions of "takedown" requests to Google every week in an attempt to make pirated material harder to access online.

But critics say the approach is wrong.

"As soon as you take down one page another pops up in its place," says Mark Mulligan, a technology analyst at Midia Consulting. "It's like playing Whac-A-Mole."

"This is because file sharing has become very decentralised - there's no central server you can just shut down."

Ernesto van der Sar, editor of Torrentfreak.com, a news site about file sharing, says: "This increase in requests is more about publishers putting pressure on Google to do more to tackle piracy. If people want to pirate they can always find a way to do so."

Copyright theft

Many of the takedown requests made under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and other national copyright laws are generated by third parties, or reporting organisations, on behalf of copyright holders.

Google began publishing all such requests in its Transparency Report in 2012 and since then the number has risen sharply, as rights holders have made greater use of the reporting system.

In the past month alone Google received requests to take down nearly 14 million links from its search results, relating to 3,200 copyright owners.

One digital content protection specialist, Degban, makes requests for about 300,000 link removals per week on behalf of clients and has asked for nearly 31 million web pages, or URLs, to be removed from Google's results so far, reports the search firm.

The website domains concerned are almost entirely person-to-person file-sharing services, such as Fenopy.eu, extratorrent.com, torrenthound.com, filestube.com and bittorrent.com.

More than half of Degban's URL requests were made on behalf of Froytal Services, a pornography producer, giving an indication of the kind of content people are sharing online.

But other major copyright owners making the most takedown requests included the BPI (British Recorded Music Industry) and its member companies, the Recording Industry Association of America, and various film studios, such as Warner Brothers.

Mistakes

But there are concerns that some of these takedown requests may not be accurate.

For example, Microsoft recently asked by mistake for links to its own sites to be deleted.

The embarrassing request was made on Microsoft's behalf by LeakID, an anti-piracy specialist, according to Torrentfreak.com.

Google spotted the mistake and did not delete the links, but generally acts on more than 97% of takedown requests.

"Mistakes are made as most of this activity is automated", says Mr Van Der Sar, "but Google is pretty good at filtering them out."

Internet piracy

Last week, a UK court ordered British internet service providers to block access to EZTV and YIFY Torrents after they were found to be conducting internet piracy on a "mass scale".

The action was brought by the Federation Against Copyright Theft (Fact) and the Motion Picture Association (MPA).

A growing number of sites accused of aiding piracy are now blocked to UK web users, including the Pirate Bay, Kickass Torrents, H33T, Fenopy, Movie2K and Download4All.

In addition, the Premier League has won a block on football streaming site FirstRow1.eu.

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Jurors jailed for contempt of court

29 July 2013 Last updated at 11:45 ET

Two jurors have each been jailed for two months for contempt of court after one posted Facebook comments and the other researched a case online.

Kasim Davey, 21, from London, posted an abusive Facebook message during the trial of a man accused of sex offences.

The High Court also heard that Joseph Beard, 29, had told jurors in a fraud trial what he had learned about the case online.

There have been two previous similar prosecutions by the attorney general.

Dominic Grieve brought the cases over "conduct likely to interfere with the administration of justice".

Davey, from Palmers Green, north London, said he had sent the Facebook message last December as a result of "spontaneous surprise at the kind of case I was on".

The judge at Wood Green Crown Court was alerted and Davey was discharged. The defendant, Adam Kephalas, was eventually found guilty of sexual activity with a child.

The High Court heard claims by Beard that he had only wanted to find out how long the proceedings would take as he was worried they would drag on.

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Tech firms to make Blu-ray successor

29 July 2013 Last updated at 11:51 ET

Sony and Panasonic have announced plans for a successor to Blu-ray discs.

The firms say they want to develop an optical disc capable of holding at least 300 gigabytes of data by the end of 2015.

By contrast, dual-layer Blu-rays can only hold up to 50GB.

Sony has previously said that 4K ultra-high-definition movies - which offer four times the resolution of 1080p video - were likely to take up more than 100GB of space.

It recently launched a device that allows 4K films to be streamed over the internet, but that will be impractical for people with slow internet access or accounts with data-use limits.

4k camcorders

The tech firms do not directly refer to 4K movie sales in their press release, but rather talk of the wider "archive market".

"Optical discs have excellent properties to protect them against the environment, such as dust resistance and water resistance, and can also withstand changes in temperature and humidity when stored," they say.

"They also allow inter-generational compatibility between different formats, ensuring that data can continue to be read even as formats evolve. This makes them a robust medium for long-term storage of content."

The rise of streaming services such as Amazon's Lovefilm, Tesco's Blinkbox and Netflix coupled with the problem of internet piracy have eaten into disc-based television box set and movie sales.

There were 179 million disc-based videos sold in the UK last year, according to recently published figures from the British Film Institute (BFI). That marked a 14% drop on 2011.

They still accounted for more than £1.5bn of sales - more than six times the £243m generated by video-on-demand services over the same period. But VoD sales were 50% up on the year.

"For the foreseeable future, even with more advances in streaming, there will be a niche for discs," Russ Crupnick, a media analyst at consultants NPD told the BBC.

"But how large that is going to be is hard to say because it is going to be more about the collector and less about every day usage."

The demand for extra storage is also likely to be fuelled by the public's ability to generate its own ultra-high-definition footage.

JVC, Sony and Panasonic have all shown off prototype camcorders which they say will be targeted at the "prosumer" market, while GoPro already offers a budget option, albeit one that only records the format at 15 frames per second.

"The cheapest way to store lots of this material long term is going to be on an optical disc rather than a solid state drive in your laptop or tablet, or on SD cards," said Paul O'Donovan, digital video expert at the tech advisory firm Gartner.

"And they are more convenient if you want to send the video you shot to somebody. Imagine trying to send a 300 gigabyte file over the internet - it would take ages."

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